Medical latest report Monkeypox Outbreak

Monkeypox is a rare infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus. It is a double-stranded DNA zoonotic (animal to human transmission) virus. In addition, it induces a similar infection just like smallpox. Monkeypox virus indicates the orthopoxvirus genus. This genus also includes several other classes of viruses. These classes are the variola virus (smallpox virus), vaccinia virus (vaccine for smallpox), and cowpox virus. Monkeypox is a self-limited disease within a time span of about 2 to 4 weeks. In addition, it is transmitted from one to another due to close contact with the infected person’s secretion. These secretions are usually body fluids, contaminated materials, and respiratory droplets. Moreover, the monkeypox virus is common in remote areas of West and Central Africa. It may spread to other regions as well. Monkeypox Outbreak Data Human monkeypox first appeared in 1970 in Congo in a 9-year-old boy with the elimination of smallpox. From 1996 to 1997, the monkeypox virus was reported in the Congo with an increased attack rate than fatality ratio. After this, in 2017, Nigeria also experienced monkeypox on a larger scale with a fatality ratio of 3%. In 2003, a monkeypox outbreak in the United States of America was linked to the pet prairie dogs. Moreover, this monkeypox virus has been reported in several travelers from Nigeria to Israel, the United Kingdom, and Singapore. In May 2022, several cases of Monkeypox were reported in various non-endemic countries. On 19 may 2022, 38 cases of monkeypox were reported worldwide. There is a list of monkeypox case reports in various countries. Belgium – 2 cases of monkeypox France – 1 case of monkeypox Italy – 1 case of Monkeypox with 2 suspected cases Portugal – 14 cases of monkeypox with 20 suspected cases Spain – 7 cases of monkeypox Sweden – 1 case of monkeypox United Kingdom – 9 cases of monkeypox Canada – two cases of Monkeypox with additional 17 suspected cases United States – one confirmed case of monkeypox with one suspected case Australia – one case of monkeypox What are the symptoms of monkeypox? Monkeypox appears with the primary symptoms of fever, swelling, headache, and backache with pain in muscles. After this, pustules appear in the form of a rash starting from the face. The rash tends to spread to the extremities of the body. It is most common in the palms of the hand and soles of the feet. These pustules are itchy and extremely painful. In addition, these lesions pass through several stages from scab to a scar. There are several stages of lesions like macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, scabs, and ultimately scars. Moreover, monkeypox is similar to smallpox with a difference in swollen lymph nodes. This condition lasts for 2 to 4 weeks. Monkeypox is reported to cause death in 1 in every 10 monkeypox-infected persons in Africa. How can you get infected with the monkeypox virus? Monkeypox can transmit from one person to another very quickly. People can get infected with monkeypox due to close contact with the person or animal infected with the monkeypox virus. Moreover, the monkeypox virus can transmit from animals to humans through damaged skin lesions, bites or scratches, and direct contact with animals’ body secretions like blood or pox lesions. Monkeypox can also transfer from person to person contact as well. It occurs when a person comes in contact with the virus particles from the infected person. Virus particles spatter in the air when the infected person sneezes or coughs. Other people can inhale these tiny droplets. In this way, you may get an infection directly from the infected person. Moreover, you may get the infection by direct contact with contaminated materials like clothes, bedding, and other materials used by the infected persons. How can we diagnose the monkeypox virus? Monkeypox virus infection is rare in the human population. Your doctor may suspect the infection as a minor illness such as rash or chickenpox. But, swollen lymph nodes differentiate the monkeypox from other poxvirus infections. For proper diagnosis, your physician may take a tissue sample for biopsy purposes. Moreover, you may need to provide a blood sample to identify the virus and antibodies against the virus for the defense mechanism. In this way, the monkeypox virus can be diagnosed with proper management. How can we prevent monkeypox from spreading? Vaccination against smallpox can also protect from monkeypox infection. Prevention of monkeypox mainly depends on the decreased contact with the infected animals, person, and materials. Limiting the contact can help you to avoid transmission of the infection from one to another. There are some ways to prevent monkeypox infection. Avoid contacting the diseased or infected animals Avoid contact with the contaminated materials with the monkeypox virus-like clothes, towels, etc Wash your hands properly with some soap and water after contact with the infected animal or person. Cook the meat thoroughly to prevent infection Ensure using the personal protective equipment in the hospital Maintain the protective measures while handling the infected persons How to treat monkeypox infection? At this time, there is no such safer treatment available for monkeypox infection. Antivirals can help to limit the infection. But, there are no such studies available regarding the treatment of monkeypox. Your healthcare worker may relieve the symptoms only to relieve the infection. An adequate fluid supply with a proper diet can help to maintain nutritional status. Secondary infection should be treated aggressively. Besides this, prevention is the only cure available for the management of monkeypox infection. Conclusion Monkeypox infection is a rare disease that may spread from infected animals to humans through contact. Initially, minor symptoms like fever, body pain, and muscle ache appear. After this, rashes start to appear from the face to the upper and lower extremities of the body. This condition is severely painful. The only way to manage monkeypox is to prevent it. Avoid contacting the infected person or animal. Break the chain of contact to prevent the spread of monkeypox. Till now, no such confirmed medication is available for the monkeypox. Smallpox Vaccination may provide a little bit of protection from monkeypox. Frequently asked questions (FAQs) Is monkeypox infection more fatal than the other poxvirus infection? Monkeypox infection is milder than smallpox. Being a milder infection, it can be fatal in the human population. Monkeypox virus can cause death in 10% of cases. What is the mortality rate of monkeypox? According to the center for disease control and prevention, monkeypox causes the death of every 1 in 10 infected cases. Share

Medical latest report What is Nuclear Medicine? Is It Good or Bad?

Have you wondered what is nuclear medicine? If yes then continue reading this article. Nuclear medicine is a specific domain of radiology that utilizes trace amounts of radioactive pharmaceuticals. These radioactive materials are absorbed in various organs of the body. In this way, it helps to examine the normal function and structure of multiple organs. Nuclear medicine imaging also incorporates medicine and various other disciplines. This imaging technique helps to diagnose multiple malfunctions and progression of several malignancies. In addition, it also provides treatment modifications for these abnormalities. What is the mechanism of action for nuclear medicine? Nuclear medicine utilizes radioactive substances. These radioactive substances are known as radionuclides. In addition, these radioactive isotopes are introduced into the body by the intravenous route. Different organs of the body absorb these radioactive isotopes in different amounts. These radioactive isotopes are unstable and emit gamma rays. Its distribution pattern is observed by the amount of radiation it radiates. In this way, these radioactive isotopes help determine the diagnosis, size, shape, and other diseases in the body. In addition, we can study the functioning of organs by a two-dimensional or three-dimensional scan. Moreover, these radioisotopes have a shorter half-life. Therefore, it decays completely within a shorter duration. What are the different radioactive isotopes used in nuclear medicine? There are several radioactive isotopes that are used in nuclear medicine to detect several abnormalities found in the human body. Let us have a look at these nuclear isotopes used for different diagnostic purposes. Technetium-99 is the most commonly used radioactive isotope in nuclear medicine. It is used for the detection of coronary artery disease. Iodine-131 radioactive isotope is used to reveal any abnormality in the thyroid gland structure and function. Carbon-14 is also used to diagnose metabolic abnormalities like diabetes mellitus, acromegaly, anemia, and gout. Therapeutic radioisotopes Besides diagnostic purposes, radioactive isotopes are also getting used for therapeutic purposes. They are also used for the treatment of several diseases. The most common purpose of these radioactive substances is their use in radiotherapy. They are used to destroy the cancerous cells to eliminate the disease. In addition, these isotopes emit radiation that is helpful for proper diagnosis. These are some of the common radioactive isotopes that are used to treat malignancies. Yttrium-90 is used for the management of malignancies, specifically Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and liver neoplasm. Iodine-131 is also used for the treatment of malignant thyroid cancers and other conditions like hyperthyroidism. Phosphorus-32 is used to control the excess of red blood cells in Polycythemia vera. What are the other common uses of nuclear medicine? Nuclear medicine with imaging procedures is used to identify the structure of various organs.in addition, it also tells about the normal functioning of different bones, tissues, organs, and various systems of the body. There are different uses of nuclear medicine in adults and children. Let us have a detailed look at the uses of nuclear medicine. The uses of nuclear medicine in adults are as follows: Heart: Blood flow with associated perfusion scan Identify coronary artery disease and stenosis Detect the various abnormalities of the heart Help to provide prognosis before and after chemotherapy Evaluate the success rate of revascularization Lungs: Nuclear imaging scan for the identification of respiratory disorders Evaluate the normal functioning of the lungs Diagnose the condition after lung transplant rejection Bones: Identify the bone fractures, infection, metastatic bone disease, and tumors Help to assess the site for biopsy Brain: Diagnose various disorders related to brain-like seizures, dementia, neurological disorder, and blood flow disease Help to identify brain tumors, their recurrence rate, and the need for surgical or radiotherapy treatment planning The use of nuclear medicine in children is quite restricted as compared to adults. Moreover, there is a need for more care for children to get the desired benefits. There are some uses of nuclear medicine in children. Diagnose the esophageal reflux and motility disorders in children Assess the opening of the tear ducts and ventricular shunts in the brain Evaluate congenital heart disease for pulmonary blood flow What are the potential risks of using nuclear medicine? There are very minor side effects related to the dose of radioactive substances. As these are used in a very small quantity, it outweighs very low hazardous side effects. In addition, these radioactive isotopes may pose a very minor allergic response. Moreover, it is injected into the veins, so may cause slight pain. It rapidly resolved within a while. Contraindications to nuclear medicine Nuclear medicine is common for the treatment of tumors. But, there are some contraindications to nuclear medicine. These are as follows: Pregnant females- radiation act as a teratogen to cause damage to the fetus Women who are breastfeeding are contraindicated to the benefits of nuclear medicine. Conclusion Nuclear medicine is the most common domain of radiology. It uses different radioactive isotopes to identify the various abnormalities of the systems of the body. In addition, it also helps to treat various malignancies of the body. There are different isotopes that are useful to treat tumors of various organs. Moreover, it also helps to predict the prognosis of various treatments. Nuclear medicine offers great benefits for the health of human beings. Besides the benefits, nuclear isotopes also emit radiation. These radiations may pose health risks to various parents. In addition, some people may feel allergic to these radioactive isotopes. Over the counter, nuclear imaging is the most common practice in the medical field. The most common use of nuclear medicine is radiotherapy. In this way, nuclear medicine is helpful for patients with malignant tumors. Also Read: Harmful Effects of Radiation Frequently asked questions (FAQs) Is nuclear medicine among the safe practices? Yes, nuclear medicine is a safe practice. A very small amount of radioactive tracer is used during the scan. After some time, radioactive isotopes decay, emitting no more radiation. How much radiation is used for nuclear medicine imaging? A very small amount of radiation is used for imaging purposes. There is no such examined harm with these radiations. Is nuclear medicine safe for pregnant females? Radiations are not safe for pregnant females unless these radioactive isotopes are necessary for her to save a life. For such conditions, there is a special need to carefully evaluate the absorbed dose and the risk to the patient.

Cancer cure finally here? 100% successful results seen in trials

Cancer cure is the need of time from the beginning. Cancer cure was usually dependent on radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Patients undergo radiotherapy to kill cancerous and normal cells to stop the growth of cancer. These treatment regimes also pose several side effects to patients. In a recent drug trial on cancer patients, their cancer completely vanishes during the drug experiment. The doctors of the New York memorial Sloan Kettering cancer center did this small trial on cancer patients. They used a drug name dostarlimab (Jemperli) for six months. It is stated that there were 18 patients with rectal cancer who followed the drug for six months. As a result, cancerous cells were obliterated from all these patients. Dostarlimab: Dostarlimab is a drug produced by laboratory molecules. This drug acts as an antibody in the human body. It also works as programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) blocking monoclonal antibodies thus helps in cancer cure. In addition, dostarlimab is an FDA-approved drug for adults with mismatch repair deficient recurrent or advanced solid tumors. In a recent drug trial, doctors used this drug for the experiment’s purpose. As a result, cancer cells were no more in every patient. These cancer cells remain undetectable by physical exam, endoscopy, positron emission tomography scans, or MRI scans. Dr. Luis A. Diaz J. from the New York memorial Sloan Kettering cancer center states that this was the very first event to happen in the history of cancer. According to the New York Times, those 18 patients were previously involved in the clinical trial for previous treatment to completely remove their cancer cells. These previous treatments involve chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or minimal invasive surgery. These treatment regimens result in bowel, urinary, and sexual dysfunction. But after the recent clinical trial, they require no further treatment. Cancer cure seems to be finally possible. How does this drug work to treat cancerous cells? As we said earlier, this drug belongs to immune checkpoint inhibitors. This drug is in use as immunotherapy medicine. In addition, it not only works by directly killing the cancerous cells but also initiates the patient’s immune system to do the same work. Moreover, these drugs are in use for melanoma and other cancers for a while. But, it is not been a part of routine medical management for colorectal cancers What are the expected side effects of this drug? In this drug trial, surprisingly, no patient suffered from any adverse side effects at all. What was the status of cancer in these patients? These patients were suffering from colorectal cancer with a similar stage of cancer. Cancer was localized but advanced in the rectum without any metastasis to other organs. Now, the cancer researchers who reviewed this drug trial state that this cancer cure seems promising. But, it requires a larger scale trial to observe whether it will work for more patients or not. Conclusion: In a recent drug trial for cancer cure, a scientific miracle happened. A small group of 18 people undergoes this clinical trial of cancer treatment. They have to take a drug for six months to fulfill the treatment requirements. After the end of six months, their cancerous cells were completely obliterated by this drug. In addition, they did not suffer from any adverse reactions to this drug. People were having locally advanced rectal cancer with no metastasis. Doctors seem more promising about a larger-scale clinical trial of this drug. There is absolutely nothing more beautiful than this for a cancer survival patient.

Largest Bacteria: Thiomargarita Magnifica

Bacteria are one of the tiny creatures found on the earth. They are usually microscopic that are not visible to the naked eye. But, in a recent discovery, scientists found the largest bacteria equal to the size and shape of eyelashes. They found the largest bacteria in the water of the Caribbean mangrove swamp. These are the largest bacteria ever found. In addition, it is thousands of times larger than the well-known bacteria of the intestine, E-Coli. Scientists named this bacteria Thiomargarita Magnifica. The literal meaning of this name is sulfur pearl. Structure of the largest bacteria: This largest bacteria contains a complex structural organization with quite a predictable life cycle. This, Thiomargarita Magnifica, is about five thousand times larger than the other microscopic bacteria. A closer and more detailed examination revealed the structure of this largest bacteria. Normally, bacteria contain freely floating DNA inside the cells. Whereas, in contrast, this largest bacteria contains well-organized DNA inside the compartments of the cells. In addition, these compartments are properly bounded by the membrane. Moreover, this largest bacteria contains about three times more genes as compared to other bacteria. It also contains hundreds of thousands of copies of the genome that are widely spread through every cell. There are about 12 million base pairs in the form of a genome. It replicates by the constriction of one end before the splitting of the cell into two. This property makes this largest bacteria more co How do these largest bacteria generate energy? Researchers state that these largest bacteria possess bizarre and complicated structures. It possesses different membranes with every membrane containing compartments. These compartments are attached to the membrane. Scientists call these compartments peppins. Some of these compartments are helpful in generating energy for bacterial metabolism. These largest bacteria can trap energy in the form of nitrates and other chemicals. Thiomargarita Magnifica also has several other compartments resembling human nuclei. In contrast to other nuclei, every compartment of these largest bacteria contains a loop of DNA. Moreover, every peppin also has multiple structural factories to generate several building proteins from DNA. Every Peppin produced special proteins necessary in its own region. In addition, there are several tiny cells inside every cell. These largest bacteria contain enough supply of DNA to generate proteins. These proteins are also helpful to make these largest bacteria grow bigger than the others. How do these largest bacteria divide to replicate? There is a typical method of reproduction for bacteria. Usually, bacteria divide into two twin cells to reproduce. In contrast, these larger, filament-like bacteria prefer budding for reproduction. They bud off in a way to produce a small bud at one end of the parent cell. The smaller bud can then float away from the parent cell creating a totally new and largest bacteria. Largest bacteria secreting antibiotics Thiomargarita Magnifica is the largest bacterial species. It is thought that it may contain thousands of smaller bacteria on its outer surfaces due to its enormously bigger size. Researchers state that these bacterial surfaces look pristine. This term suggests that these largest bacteria may secrete some kind of antibiotics to get rid of the smaller bacteria. Significance of these largest bacteria The largest bacteria, Thiomargarita Magnifica, belongs to a species of gammaproteobacteria that oxidizes sulfur. These are filament shaped and the largest known bacteria. Their length varies from 10mm to 20mm. They also contain sulfur granules appearing as pearls when light falls on these largest bacteria. The discovery of the largest bacteria is very important. As it bl3nds the difference between the prokaryotes, primitive single-celled organisms with no nucleus, and eukaryotes. In contrast, Thiomargarita Magnifica being the largest bacteria and belonging to prokaryotes contains cellular membranes that encapsulate the DNA loops. Whereas, the other bacteria contain freely floating DNA as genetic material. Conclusion Recently, scientists discovered the largest bacteria visible through the naked eye. Usually, bacteria come under the heading of microbes. But these largest bacteria, measuring in centimeters, equal to the size of eyelashes, are unable to follow the category of microbes. These largest bacteria range more than the length of 9000 micrometers almost equal to a centimeter. In addition, these cells have the capability to grow larger than the theoretical knowledge. These largest bacteria have several membrane-bounded compartments named peppins. These peppins contain well-organized loops of DNA with hundreds of thousands of genome copies. Its structure offers great complexity as compared to other bacteria. In addition, these bacteria generate their energy in the form of nitrates stored in the compartments. Moreover, they have the capability to produce proteins from their DNA. These proteins are helpful for these largest bacteria to grow bigger than the other bacteria. Frequently asked questions (FAQs) Who discovered these largest bacteria, Thiomargarita Magnifica? A molecular biologist, Silvina Gonzalez-Rizzo investigated these microbes and labeled the largest bacteria as the Thiomargarita family. Because the bacteria belonging to the Thiomargarita family use sulfur to grow. This research was rejected by the journal because of a lack of information. But after this, a young researcher, Jean-Marie Volland, examined the bacteria and managed to get enough information. Why is the Thiomargarita family so larger than the other? Thiomargarita bacteria usually produce in sediments, joining each sediment to grow larger and larger. Moreover, it also depends on the nitrate to grow larger. Usually, they extract nitrates during occasional storms dripping nitrate-rich water.

Monkeypox in India: First case reported in Kerala

The first case of Monkeypox in India has been reported from Kerala. Monkeypox is a zoonotic virus that is usually from animals to humans in different ways. Its symptoms are usually similar to the symptoms of the smallpox virus. After the complete cessation of the smallpox virus in 1980, the monkeypox virus emerged as an orthopoxvirus among the public communities of Central and West Africa. Different cases of monkeypox were reported in different years but not as an outbreak. Nobody bothered about the presence of these few cases. But, in May 2022, multiple cases of monkeypox were reported in different countries that are non-endemic. Multiple researchers are still investigating the epidemiology, source, and transmission pathways. Considering the facts, India reported its first confirmed case of monkeypox. The first case of monkeypox in India is reported in Kerala. A 35-year-old man showed symptoms of the monkeypox virus with a history of travel to the Middle East. A multidisciplinary team was sent to the southern state of Kerala to investigate the confirmed case of monkeypox. The Middle East region has been on red alert for Monkeypox. Countries with a high risk of monkeypox are taking appropriate measures to detect the monkeypox virus. In addition, they are also taking precautionary measures to prevent the transmission or spread of the monkeypox virus from one to another. In this article, we are going to discuss about the topic below Open How is the Monkeypox virus transmitted from one person to another? According to the World Health Organization (WHO), monkeypox can transmit from infected animals to humans via direct or indirect contact. Whereas, transmission from human to human occurs in different ways. Monkeypox virus can transmit from one person to another through contact with infected skin lesions, face to face, skin to skin, or respiratory droplets. In countries with monkeypox virus confirmed cases and monkeypox outbreak alerts, the transmission of monkeypox virus occurs through intimate close contact including sexual contact. Moreover, the transmission of Monkeypox in India can also occur through contaminated linens, beddings, clothing, electronics, or any other infected skin particles or materials. What is the medical condition of the patient suffering from the monkeypox virus? According to the State’s health minister Veena George, the patient has been isolated at a hospital. In addition, the patient is stable with normal vital signs. Moreover, he asked to be on alert for all districts. He also said the patient’s parents and his primary contacts have been isolated. Moreover, the 11 passengers, who contacted him on his flight, are also asked for symptoms of monkeypox. Protective measures are being taken to stop the transmission of Monkeypox in India. What are the common signs and symptoms of monkeypox in India? The incubation period for monkeypox in India varies from 6 to 13 days. It means that this virus can take about 6 to 13 days to manifest its symptoms from the infection time. The infection phase is divided into two periods. Invasion period – It lasts between 0 to 5 days with symptoms of fever, intense headaches, lymphadenopathy, back pain, myalgia, and intense asthenia (decreased energy). Lymphadenopathy is the diagnostic feature of this disease. Skin eruptions – after 1 to 3 days of fever, skin rashes tend to appear on different parts of the body. These skin lesions are usually more apparent on the face and extremities. It affects the face in 95% of cases. Whereas, there are different prevalence of skin lesions on different parts of the body. ● Palms of the hands and soles of the feet – 75% of cases ● Oral mucous membranes – 70% of cases ● Genitalia – 30% of cases ● Conjunctiva and cornea – 20% of cases What kind of rashes appears on the skin with the monkeypox virus? The skin rashes start appearing in the form of macules. Macules are flat base lesions. These macules further develop to form papules which are raised firm lesions. These papules turn into vesicles filled with clear fluid. Ultimately, these vesicles turn into pustules filled with yellowish fluid or pus. In the limiting stage, these vesicles become dried, forming crusts. The number of these lesions varies from a few to several thousand skin lesions. There may be multiple smaller lesions joining to form larger lesions, sloughing off the skin. These are a few skin problems that can be seen in the cases of Monkeypox in India. Monkeypox on Chest What is the treatment plan for the monkeypox virus? Usually, the symptoms of the monkeypox virus subside after 2 to 4 weeks. There may be severe cases of monkeypox in India among children depending on the exposure and nature of the complications. Vaccination against smallpox offered a protective barrier in the past for the monkeypox virus too. There is no such probable treatment regimen for the monkeypox virus. There is no management plan other than the prevention of the monkeypox virus. Frequently asked questions (FAQs) How can we prevent monkeypox from spreading? There are different ways to protect yourself and others from the monkeypox virus. Some of them are as follows: ● Minimizing the contact with infected persons ● Avoid unprotected contact with wild sick or dead animals ● All food containing meat should be properly cooked before eating. Is there any cure available for the monkeypox virus? No, there is no such specific treatment available for monkeypox in India or anywhere else. Antiviral drugs may show some efficacy to treat the symptoms of the monkeypox virus. But, there is no such research available.

10 Most Expensive liquids on Earth: Names and Prices

Do you also want to know about expensive liquids on earth? Do you only think about diamonds as something really expensive in this term? Talking about expensive things, the first thought that comes to our mind is related to diamonds or gold. People usually don’t value liquids as the most expensive liquids on earth. They don’t quantify liquids in terms of price. There are several liquids that are the most expensive liquids on earth. Let us take a deep dive to know more about the expensive liquids on earth in detail. This article explains different expensive liquids on earth, measured in gallons. What are different expensive liquids on earth? There are different kinds of expensive liquids on earth. We’ll explore these expensive liquids in an ascending order to enhance your interest with every next option. Gamma hydroxybutyric acid – costs about 2600 dollars per gallon Black printer ink – costs about 2700 dollars per gallon Mercury – costs about 3400 dollars per gallon Insulin – costs about 9400 dollars per gallon Chanel No. 5 – costs about 26,000 dollars per gallon Horseshoe Crab Blood – costs about 60,000 dollars per gallon Lysergic acid Diethylamide – costs about 123,000 dollars per gallon Thailand Cobra Venom – costs about 153,000 dollars per gallon Scorpion venom – costs about 39,000,000 dollars per gallon Zolgensma – costs about 2.1 million dollars per dose Let us go more in detail to understand their importance as expensive liquids on earth. 1. Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid acts as a neurotransmitter that depresses the central nervous system. It is also known as a club drug. It is usually found in the brain and different other areas of the body. It is used as a general anesthetic agent and also for the management of narcolepsy and alcoholism. Which thing makes it an expensive liquid? It is usually synthesized illegally in foreign and domestic labs. In addition, it is also used among athletes to enhance their performance illegally. For the treatment of narcolepsy, alcohol intake disorder, and opioid withdrawal, it is approved by FDA for the prescription purpose. 2. Black Printer Ink Ink is used commonly for drawing, printing, and writing. It is a combination of both organic and inorganic pigments dissolved in any chemical solvent. You need to use black ink for several purposes. Importance Black ink is formed by combining varnish and carbon Black. It contains several waxes, lubricants, pigments, and drying agents. These are crushed evenly and distributed throughout the solvent which makes it heat resistant. These all features make the black printer ink fall among the most expensive liquids on earth. 3. Mercury Mercury is found naturally in the environment in the form of ore cinnabar or mercury sulfide. It is a silvery-white material with a poor conductor of heat and a fair conductor of electricity. Why is it so expensive? Mercury stays liquid even at room temperature. It can be used as a contact material for electric switches. It is also used in the medicine and dental department making it important. Mercury liquid should be handled with care because of extreme toxic side effects. 4. Insulin Normally, insulin is produced by the pancreas in the human body. It regulates the blood glucose levels maintaining the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. If your body is unable to produce insulin, you may need to take it from outside sources. Why is it so expensive? Insulin price tags have tripled in the past few years. Insulin is expensive because of its increased demand in diabetic patients. In addition, there are only a few manufacturers available making insulin the most expensive liquid on earth. 5. Chanel No. 5: Chanel No. 5 is one of the most expensive perfumes and liquids on earth. Why is it so expensive? Chanel No. 5 is expensive because it is extracted from the rare flower petal belonging to the flower-aldehyde group. 6. Horseshoe Crab Blood The blood of Horseshoe Crab blood is extracted in larger quantities. Their blood doesn’t contain hemoglobin. But, it contains hemocyanin and copper making the blood bright blue. Why is it so expensive? Horseshoe Crab blood contains vital immune cells that are sensitive to bacteria. These cells clot when the blood comes into contact with bacteria protecting the blood from toxins. In addition, it is also used to test vaccines. 7. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Lysergic acid diethylamide is found in ergot fungus. It is extra red illegally in different laboratories. Why is it so expensive? Lysergic acid diethylamide is a potential mood-changing chemical that requires special technical skills to extract, making it the most expensive liquid on earth. 8. Thailand Cobra Venom Cobra is the largest and the most venomous snake on earth. With just one bit, it can kill a fully grown elephant. Why is it so expensive? Cobra Venom has been used to treat different kinds of body pains for the past many years. It is considered an aphrodisiac. In addition, it is used to manage excessive bleeding during surgery, cure breast tumors and Parkinson’s diseases, and anti-aging treatment. These features make the Cobra Venom fall among the most expensive liquids on earth. 9. Scorpion Venom Scorpion venom is one of the most expensive liquids on earth. Scorpions usually prey with their venom paralyzing the opponent. They also use their venom as a defensive agent against predators. In addition, Scorpion venom acts as a neurotoxin affecting the nervous system. The most lethal species of Scorpion is the deathstalker. Why is it so expensive? It requires a lot of effort to extract scorpion venom by hand. Every scorpion produced about 2mg of venom at a time. There are different proteins present in the scorpion venom that are used to treat multiple medical conditions like ● Inflammatory bowel disease ● Multiple sclerosis ● Rheumatoid arthritis ● Certain cancers In addition, it contains several chemicals or peptides that stimulate cell death by producing spores in the cell membranes. These peptides have antimicrobial properties and anticancer effects. Moreover, researchers also find it useful to treat brain tumors. 10. Zolgensma Zolgensma is used to treat neuromuscular disorders like spinal muscular atrophy. Why is it so expensive? It requires a lot of effort and research to produce this revolutionary drug. This makes it the most expensive liquid on earth Frequently asked questions (FAQs) Why are these liquids expensive on earth? These liquids are expensive because of their importance. These liquids serve as revolutionary agents to have a strong impact on human life. Some of these liquids act as a treatment for several medical conditions. Is it easy to extract these expensive liquids on earth? No, it requires special skills and research to produce these expensive liquids. These things make it an expensive liquid on earth.

Monkeypox Outbreak 2022

Monkeypox outbreak is something most people are concerned nowadays. The United States is currently experiencing an outbreak of a new and highly contagious zoonotic disease, Monkeypox. The first cases were reported in late 2002 in Ohio and Indiana Midwestern states. Since then, more than 100 human cases are confirmed with at least one death. Monkeypox is caused by a virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus family Poxviridae. This virus was originally isolated from African green monkeys but has since been found in other species, including rodents, shrews, bats, and humans. Human infection occurs when direct contact with infected animals or bodily fluids results in mucocutaneous lesions. In rare instances, the infection of Monkeypox outbreak may result in severe complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and hemorrhagic fever. The incubation period for this disease ranges from 2 to 10 days. The most common symptoms are fever, headache, myalgias, malaise, and rash. Other less frequent manifestations include lymphadenopathy, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and cough. There is no specific treatment for Monkeypox; however, supportive care is usually sufficient. Prevention of exposure to wild rodents and other mammals is critical. If you suspect you have come into contact with a potentially infectious animal, immediately wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, mouth, or any cuts on your skin. Do not go near sick animals. Report suspected cases of Monkeypox to your local health department. What Is Monkeypox outbreak? Monkeys are the natural host of Monkeypox. They carry the virus in their fur and excrete it through their saliva. Humans become infected when they touch contaminated objects or surfaces and then touch their eyes, noses, mouths, or open wounds. Once inside the body, the virus multiplies rapidly and can cause serious illness. Symptoms appear about 7-14 days after exposure. The initial signs of infection include fever, chills, fatigue, muscle aches, headaches, and swollen glands. These symptoms last for several weeks and often resolve without medical intervention. However, if untreated, the virus can spread throughout the body, causing pneumonia, encephalitis (brain inflammation), and even death. This makes the monkeypox outbreak dangerous. How Does It Spread? Monkeypox is transmitted primarily through close contact with infected animals or materials containing their secretions. Infected people shed viruses in their respiratory tract, urine, faeces, and blood. Contaminated clothing, bedding, and equipment also pose a risk for transmission. Animals do not show clinical signs until approximately 5-7 days after exposure to the virus. They begin to develop small red bumps around the mouth, nose, eyes, ears, and their secretions. For example, people who work around petting zoos, feed exotic animals or handle dead or sick animals are at risk of contracting the disease. People also become infected when they touch items contaminated with the virus. For instance, veterinarians who treat sick animals or zoo workers who clean cages and enclosures are at high risk of acquiring the disease. The virus can be transmitted from person to person via aerosolized particles produced during coughing or sneezing. This aids to the monkeypox outbreak. Why Are We Concerned About This Disease? The recent Monkeypox outbreak in the Midwest has raised concerns because it represents the first time this disease has been seen outside Africa. Although the disease has been known to occur in Africa for many years, it had never before been documented in North America. Furthermore, the fact that this disease has now appeared in two different regions suggests that it could easily spread to other parts of the country. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that there are between 1 million and 3 million cases of Monkeypox outbreak each year worldwide. Of these, approximately 500 deaths occur annually. Because of its potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality, Monkeypox should be considered a public health threat. What Should I Do? If you think you might have contracted Monkeypox, call your doctor right away. Your physician will want to know whether you have recently travelled out of the country, where you went, what you did while there, how long you stayed, and whether you came in contact with animals or wildlife. You should also tell your doctor if you: Have any rashes on your skin Had contact with an animal or wild animal Worked near animals or wildlife Were bitten by an insect Traveled to areas where Monkeypox occurs If you think you may have come into contact with someone infected with Monkeypox, ask them to see their doctor immediately. Tell your doctor about the above information to determine whether further testing is needed. In addition, you should wear protective gloves and wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after touching potentially contaminated objects or coming in contact with anyone diagnosed with Monkeypox. You must be concerned regarding what to do in monkeypox outbreak. What Can Be Done To Prevent Transmission? There is no vaccine available for Monkeypox. Therefore, prevention relies upon limiting human exposure to the virus. If you think you might have been exposed to Monkeypox outbreak, take steps to avoid infection. These include avoiding direct contact with animals and wild animals, washing your hands frequently, and wearing protective gloves and masks when working around animals or wildlife. Diagnosis of Monkeypox There is currently no test available to diagnose Monkeypox. Instead, doctors rely on symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, cough, and rash. A sample of fluid taken from the patient’s throat or nasal passages may be sent to a laboratory for analysis. However, results usually take several days to return. Vaccines The CDC recommends that people at high risk for contracting Monkeypox receive a vaccination against the disease. This includes healthcare workers, veterinarians, zoo employees, and those who work closely with animals and wildlife. People who live in rural areas or travel to places where Monkeypox outbreak occurs should also consider getting vaccinated. Preventing Monkeypox Although there is no cure for Monkeypox, there are ways to prevent the disease. Avoiding contact with wild animals is one way to protect yourself from the monkeypox outbreak. Also, don’t let children play with animals or pets without supervision. Children under 5 years old should not handle animals or pet zoos. Adults over 65 should avoid contact with sick animals. Therapeutics Treatment for Monkeypox depends on the severity of the illness. The most common treatment is supportive care, which involves treating symptoms like fever, pain, and loss of appetite. Antibiotics are used to treat secondary infections caused by bacteria. Other medications may be prescribed depending on the type of infection. For example, antiviral drugs may be given to patients who develop pneumonia. Supportive care facilities must be well-maintained in the regions of monkeypox outbreak. Monkeypox Symptoms Symptoms of Monkeypox include fever, headache, muscle pains, fatigue, coughing, and a skin rash. Some people will only experience some of these symptoms, while others may experience more severe symptoms of monkeypox outbreak A new study published in Science Advances reveals how a deadly Ebola virus spreads through the air. Researchers found that airborne virus transmission is possible. Still, it requires close physical contact between an infected person and another. A new study published in Nature Communications shows that the Ebola virus can spread through the air via small droplets expelled during sneezes and coughs. The findings suggest that airborne transmission of the Ebola virus could occur in enclosed spaces, including hospitals and airplanes. Infectious Disease News reports that the World Health Organization (WHO) recently announced that the number of cases of Ebola had surpassed 10,000. According to WHO figures, 11,310 cases of Ebola and 4,918 deaths were attributed to the outbreak. In addition, there are now 2,849 suspected cases of Ebola. Monkeypox outbreak Causes Several factors contribute to the spread of this disease: The reservoir of the virus is unknown. The incubation period for the disease is long. The virus is highly contagious. The disease is easily transmitted from human to human. The disease is fatal if left untreated. Monkeypox Treatment Although there is currently no cure for the monkeypox outbreak, treatments are available to help manage the disease. These treatments depend on the severity of the patient’s condition. For mild cases, the primary goal is to relieve symptoms such as fever, chills, body aches, and headaches. Patients with moderate or severe symptoms should receive antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infections. Antiviral drugs may also be administered to reduce viral replication and speed recovery. However, antivirals cannot treat patients who already have developed complications from the infection. Treatment for Monkeypox Complications If you develop any signs or symptoms of the monkeypox outbreak, seek medical attention immediately. If your doctor suspects you have contracted the disease, they will likely order blood tests to confirm the diagnosis. Complications from the disease can include pneumonia, encephalitis, meningitis, myocarditis, hepatitis, and kidney failure. Conclusion The Monkeypox outbreak has become a major public health concern in West Africa. Although there is no known cure for the disease, treatments are available for its management. Frequently Asked Questions(FAQs) What is the difference between Ebola and Monkeypox? Ebola is an acute viral hemorrhagic illness caused by the Zaire ebolavirus. This virus is named after the river, which was discovered in 1976. Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by the variola genus of pox viruses. It is similar to smallpox but much less deadly. How does one get infected with Monkeypox? Monkeypox is usually acquired through contact with infected animals or bodily fluids. The most common animal reservoirs are rodents. Is there a vaccine against Monkeypox? Yes, a vaccine called Mpvax, which protects people against both smallpox and Monkeypox. What are the symptoms of Monkeypox? Symptoms of Monkeypox include high fever, headache, muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhea, cough, and rash. Are there other diseases like Monkeypox? Yes. Smallpox is another serious disease caused by the Variola genus of poxviruses. Like Monkeypox, it is a zoonotic virus.